Selenium HtmlUnit driver separated in 2.53.0

I’ve been a user of Selenium testing for several years, though I noticed that some classes related to the HtmlUnit WebDriver were missing after upgrading from 2.52.0 to 2.53.0. After some research, I discovered that it is now a separate dependency allowing for a separate release cycle. Additionally, if you don’t use this (relatively generic) webdriver, you will no longer need to have it in your binaries.

Here’s all you need to do to add it to your Maven projects for testing.

In your pom.xml file:

<properties>
<selenium.version>2.53.0</selenium.version>
<htmlunitdriver.version>2.20</htmlunitdriver.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
<version>${htmlunitdriver.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

REFERENCES:

Selenium Firefox modifyheaders

A few of my tests require access to modify the HTTP Request headers. Unfortunately, Selenium hides access to them to allow for portability, and to better emulate what “users” generally can change. To work around this a Firefox extension can be used and configured at runtime for this purpose.

NOTE: for Maven, you need to place a copy of the .xpi file referenced into the /src/test/resources folder for Selenium to locate it.

In the example below, I’m setting the HTTP Header for “DNT” to “1”.

public FirefoxDriver createFirefoxDriver() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
// Specify the install location (if not default)
System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin","C:\\path\\to\\Firefox.exe");
// Prevent Console log "noise" from the Selenium Firefox plugin
System.setProperty("org.apache.commons.logging.Log", "org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SimpleLog");
System.setProperty("org.apache.commons.logging.simplelog.log.httpclient.wire", "OFF");
System.setProperty("org.apache.commons.logging.simplelog.log.org.apache.commons.httpclient", "OFF");

final FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
final URL url = this.getClass().getResource("/modify_headers-0.7.1.1-fx.xpi");
final File modifyHeaders = modifyHeaders = new File(url.toURI());

profile.setEnableNativeEvents(false);
profile.addExtension(modifyHeaders);

profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.headers.count", 1);
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.headers.action0", "Add");
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.headers.name0", "DNT");
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.headers.value0", "1");
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.headers.enabled0", true);
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.config.active", true);
profile.setPreference("modifyheaders.config.alwaysOn", true);

final DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setBrowserName("firefox");
capabilities.setPlatform(org.openqa.selenium.Platform.ANY);
capabilities.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE, profile);
return new FirefoxDriver(capabilities);
}

Take and save a screenshot capture with Selenium

As I recently discussed Selenium, it might be useful to know how to take screen captures during tests. I’ve found that putting the function into a java method makes usage a LOT easier… here are the relevant code bits (obviously this will not run on it’s own). Feel free to expand on it as needed as this is just a stub.


import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
/**
* @param driver {@code WebDriver}
* @param filename {@code String}
*/
protected static void takeScreenshot(final WebDriver driver, final String suffix){
final String fn = "takeScreenshot("+ driver.getCurrentUrl() +","+suffix+")";
final String filename = "/tmp/screenshot_" + suffix + ".png";

LOGGER.debug("takeScreenshot("+ driver.getCurrentUrl() +","+filename+")");
final File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
// Now you can do whatever you need to do with it, for example copy somewhere
try{
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(filename));
LOGGER.debug("[EXEC] {} {}",filename, fn);
}
catch(final IOException ex){
LOGGER.error("IOException:fn={},file={}:ex={}",fn,filename,ex);
}

}

Some other helpful Selenium methods

Here are a few other helpful functions for use of Selenium testing scripts as you often need to click links, fill in fields, and submit forms.


import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param name
* @return
*/
public static WebElement findElementByName(final WebDriver driver, final String name){
final By el = By.name(name);
final WebElement wel = driver.findElement(el);
return wel;
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param name
* @param value
*/
public static void sendKeysByFieldName(final WebDriver driver, final String name, final String value){
final WebElement wel = findElementByName(driver, name);
wel.sendKeys(value);
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param xpath
*/
public static void clickByXpath(final WebDriver driver, final String xpath){
final By el = By.xpath(xpath);
//LOGGER.info("el is {}", el);
final WebElement wel = driver.findElement(el);
wel.click();
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param linktext
*/
public static void waitToClickLinkText(final WebDriver driver, final String linktext){
final WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
final By el = By.linkText(linktext);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(el));
final WebElement wel = driver.findElement(el);
wel.click();
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param text
* @return
*/
public boolean pageContainsText(final WebDriver driver, final String text){
final String xpathExpression = "//*[contains(text(),'" + text + "')]";
final List<WebElement> list = driver.findElements(By.xpath(xpathExpression));
return list.size() > 0;
}

Load Testing web application with Selenium and TestNG

I’ve used Selenium for while to do verification tests of web applications, recently I discovered a very simple way to use it with TestNG and Maven to do some performance testing. TestNG allows for the use of annotations to allow multi-threading and iterations.

pom.xml:

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8.7</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>2.44.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependencies>

And as for a simple test to get started with… scripting of steps is available online or could be in a future blog post.

/*
* COPYRIGHT. none
*/
package com.example.selenium;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
/**
* Simple test example for Selenium
*/
public class SeleniumTest {

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SeleniumTest.class);
/**
* TODO Un-comment or change if needed to set your local path!
*/
@BeforeClass
public void oneTimeSetUp() {
System.out.println(“————————————– init —————————————-“);
//System.setProperty(“webdriver.firefox.bin”,”C:\\path\\to\\firefox.exe”);
}
/**
* NOTE: uses TestNG – behaves differently than JUnit
*/
@Test(invocationCount = 1, threadPoolSize = 5)
public void testLoadApp() {

final String fn = “testLoadApp”;
final String baseUrl = “http://www.giantgeek.com/index.php”;
LOGGER.debug(“[START] Thread Id: {} is started!”, Thread.currentThread().getId());

WebDriver driver = null;
final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try{
driver = (WebDriver)new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get(baseUrl);

final String actual = driver.getTitle();
LOGGER.debug(“Page Title is {}”, actual);
final String expected = “GIANTGEEK.COM”;
Assert.assertEquals(actual,expected);
//perform whatever actions, like login, submit form or navigation


}catch(final WebDriverException ex){
LOGGER.warn(fn+":WebDriverException:{}",ex);
}catch(final Exception ex){
LOGGER.warn(fn+":Exception:{}",ex);
}
finally {
final long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
LOGGER.debug("[END] Thread Id: {}, elapsed={}", Thread.currentThread().getId(),elapsed);
if(driver != null){
driver.quit();
}
}
}
}

WARNING: Selenium Tests MAY fail if the browser used for testing is updated in the Operating System. Updating the pom.xml to a newer release usually helps!

REFERENCES:

Install Opera Browser on Ubuntu

I was recently attempting to port some older Selenium tests to a new Linux machine and found that I did not have the Opera browser installed. Thus, I submit the following.

There are several ways to go about doing this, depending upon your skills.

1. Most simple IMHO…

  • Add the path to the application file, then install, updates will come as they are released.
    sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following line to the file.
    deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free
  • Update the software registry:
    sudo apt-get update
  • Install:
    sudo apt-get install opera

2. Another method, with the same results:

  • sudo sh -c ‘echo “deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free” >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list’
  • sudo sh -c ‘wget -O – http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | apt-key add -’
  • sudo apt-get update
  • sudo apt-get install opera

3. Additionally, you can simply download the files from the Opera website and uncompress wherever desired on your drive.

REFERENCES:

/////